-
1 Burks, Arthur Walter
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 13 October 1915 Duluth, Minnesota, USA[br]American engineer involved in the development of the ENIAC and Whirlwind computers.[br]After obtaining his AB degree from De Pere University, Wisconsin (1937), and his AM and PhD from the University of Michigan (1938 and 1941, respectively), Burks carried out research at the Moore School of Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, during the Second World War, and at the same time taught philosophy in another department. There, with Herman Goldstine, he was involved in the construction of ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer).In 1946 he took a post as Assistant Professor of Engineering at Michigan University, and subsequently became Associate Professor (1948) and Full Professor (1954). Between 1946 and 1948 he was also associated with the computer activities of John von Neumann at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, and was involved in the development of the Whirlwind I computer (the first stored-program computer) by Jay Forrester at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. From 1948 until 1954 he was a consultant for the Burroughs Corporation and also contributed to the Oak Ridge computer ORACLE. He was Chairman of the Michigan University Department of Communications Science in 1967–71 and at various times was Visiting Professor at Harvard University and the universities of Illinois and Stanford. In 1975 he became Editor of the Journal of Computer and System Sciences.[br]Bibliography1946. "Super electronic computing machine", Electronics Industry 62.1947. "Electronic computing circuits of the ENIAC", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 35:756.1980, "From ENIAC to the stored program computer. Two revolutions in computing", in N.Metropolis, J.Hewlett \& G.-C.Rota (eds), A History of Computing in the 20th Century, London: Academic Press.Further ReadingJ.W.Corlada, 1987, Historical Dictionary of Data Processing (provides further details of Burk's career).KF -
2 Electronics and information technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Byron, Ada AugustaNapier, JohnRiche, Gaspard-Clair-François-MarieSchickhard, WilhelmBiographical history of technology > Electronics and information technology
-
3 Forrester, Jay Wright
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 14 July 1918 Anselmo, Nebraska, USA[br]American electrical engineer and management expert who invented the magnetic-core random access memory used in most early digital computers.[br]Born on a cattle ranch, Forrester obtained a BSc in electrical engineering at the University of Nebraska in 1939 and his MSc at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he remained to teach and carry out research. Becoming interested in computing, he established the Digital Computer Laboratory at MIT in 1945 and became involved in the construction of Whirlwind I, an early general-purpose computer completed in March 1951 and used for flight-simulation by the US Army Air Force. Finding the linear memories then available for storing data a major limiting factor in the speed at which computers were able to operate, he developed a three-dimensional store based on the binary switching of the state of small magnetic cores that could be addressed and switched by a matrix of wires carrying pulses of current. The machine used parallel synchronous fixed-point computing, with fifteen binary digits and a plus sign, i.e. 16 bits in all, and contained 5,000 vacuum tubes, eleven semiconductors and a 2 MHz clock for the arithmetic logic unit. It occupied a two-storey building and consumed 150kW of electricity. From his experience with the development and use of computers, he came to realize their great potential for the simulation and modelling of real situations and hence for the solution of a variety of management problems, using data communications and the technique now known as interactive graphics. His later career was therefore in this field, first at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, Massachusetts (1951) and subsequently (from 1956) as Professor at the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNational Academy of Engineering 1967. George Washington University Inventor of the Year 1968. Danish Academy of Science Valdemar Poulsen Gold Medal 1969. Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Award for Outstanding Accomplishments 1972. Computer Society Pioneer Award 1972. Institution of Electrical Engineers Medal of Honour 1972. National Inventors Hall of Fame 1979. Magnetics Society Information Storage Award 1988. Honorary DEng Nebraska 1954, Newark College of Engineering 1971, Notre Dame University 1974. Honorary DSc Boston 1969, Union College 1973. Honorary DPolSci Mannheim University, Germany. Honorary DHumLett, State University of New York 1988.Bibliography1951, "Data storage in three dimensions using magnetic cores", Journal of Applied Physics 20: 44 (his first description of the core store).Publications on management include: 1961, Industrial Dynamics, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press; 1968, Principles of Systems, 1971, Urban Dynamics, 1980, with A.A.Legasto \& J.M.Lyneis, System Dynamics, North Holland. 1975, Collected Papers, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT.Further ReadingK.C.Redmond \& T.M.Smith, Project Whirlwind, the History of a Pioneer Computer (provides details of the Whirlwind computer).H.H.Goldstine, 1993, The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann, Princeton University Press (for more general background to the development of computers).Serrell et al., 1962, "Evolution of computing machines", Proceedings of the Institute ofRadio Engineers 1,047.M.R.Williams, 1975, History of Computing Technology, London: Prentice-Hall.See also: Burks, Arthur Walter; Goldstine, Herman H.; Wilkes, Maurice Vincent; Williams, Sir Frederic CallandKF
См. также в других словарях:
Burks, Arthur Walter — ▪ 2009 American computer pioneer born Oct. 13, 1915, Duluth, Minn. died May 14, 2008, Ann Arbor, Mich. was one of the builders of the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), the first general purpose electronic digital… … Universalium
Arthur W. Burks — Arthur Walter Burks Arthur Walter Burks (* 13. Oktober 1915 in Duluth, Minnesota; † 14. Mai 2008 in Ann Arbor, Michigan) war ein US amerikanischer Mathematiker und Informatiker. Er war in den 1940er Jahren an der Entwicklung des … Deutsch Wikipedia
Arthur Burks — Arthur Walter Burks (October 13 1915 – May 14, 2008) was an American mathematician who in the 1940s as a senior engineer on the project contributed to the design of the ENIAC, the first general purpose electronic digital computer. Decades later,… … Wikipedia
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography — C. S. Peirce articles General: Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography Philosophical: Categories (Peirce) Semiotic elements and classes of signs (Peirce) Pragmatic maxim • Pragmaticism… … Wikipedia
Liste der Biografien/Bur — Biografien: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q … Deutsch Wikipedia
Herman Goldstine — Herman Heine Goldstine (September 13, 1913 ndash; June 16, 2004), mathematician, computer scientist and scientific administrator, was a one of the original developers of ENIAC, the first of the modern electronic digital computers. Personal… … Wikipedia
Herman Goldstine — Herman Heine Goldstine (13 de septiembre de 1913 – 16 de junio de 2004), matemático, informático y administrador científico, quien fue uno de los principales desarrolladores de ENIAC, el primer computador electrónico digital de propósito general … Wikipedia Español
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1953 — 1953 U.S. and Canadian Fellows= * Robert Kemp Adair, Sterling Professor Emeritus of Physics, Yale University: 1953. * Luis Valentine Amador, Clinical Professor Emeritus of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University: 1953. * Maynard Andrew… … Wikipedia
List of mathematicians (B) — NOTOC Bab * Babai, László (Hungary, 1950 ) * Babbage, Charles (England, 1791 1871) * Babuška, Ivo (Czech Republic, ? ) * Bacaloglu, Emanoil (Romania, 1830 1891) * Bach, Eric (?, ? ) * Bachelier, Louis Jean Baptiste Alphonse (France, 1870 1946) *… … Wikipedia
Smedley Butler — … Wikipedia
Guerras bananeras — Fachada de un antiguo edificio de la United Fruit Company en la avenida St. Charles de Nueva Orleans, Luisiana. Este artículo se refiere a los retos y hechos transcurridos entre Estados Unidos, Centroamérica y el Caribe entre 1898 y 1934. Para la … Wikipedia Español